Press Releases and Advisories

2026 Press Releases

• 02/05/2026 - Texas Expands Electrician Reciprocity with Iowa to Support Skilled Workforce and Economic Growth (PDF)
• 01/28/2026 - TDLR Revokes Massage Therapy School License of ELM Health Institute in Hurst and Massage Therapist, Instructor, Continuing Education Licenses (PDF)
• 01/22/2026 - TDLR Suspends Houston Massage Therapist’s License for Alleged Sexual Assaults While Performing Massages (PDF)
• 01/21/2026 - TDLR Seeking Public Members To Represent Texas Consumers On 10 Advisory Boards (PDF)
• 01/15/2026 - TDLR Revokes Massage Therapy School License of Wellness Education Center in Plano and Massage Therapist, Instructor Licenses (PDF)
• 01/13/2026 - TDLR Protects the Public with License Revocations and Lifetime Bans in Massage Therapy Program (PDF)
• 01/08/2026 - TDLR Helps Fight Human Trafficking in Its Regulated Professions (PDF)

2025 Press Releases

• 12/30/2025 - Texas Expands Electrician Reciprocity with Arkansas to Support Skilled Workforce and Economic Growth (PDF)
• 12/22/2025 - Texas Financial Crimes Intelligence Center Arrests Three for Gift Card Fraud Estimated at $14 Million (PDF)
• 12/18/2025 - TDLR Revokes Massage Therapy School License of Austin Massage Academy, as Well as Two Massage Therapist & Instructor Licenses Associated With the School (PDF)
• 12/18/2025 - TDLR Shuts Down Three Massage Establishments in Houston and Spring Where Human Trafficking Suspected (PDF)
• 11/03/2025 - TDLR joins other states in coordinated enforcement effort against unlicensed contractors (PDF)
• 10/23/2025 - San Antonio Massage Therapist, Instructor License Suspended After Alleged Sexual Assault of Client (PDF)
• 10/16/2025 - TDLR Revokes Massage Therapy School License of Wellness Education Center in Plano, as well as Three Massage Therapists & Two Instructor Licenses Associated with the School (PDF)
• 10/13/2025 - Winter Is Coming – Have Your Heating Checked By A Licensed Contractor For Carbon Monoxide Leaks And Other Issues (PDF)
• 10/08/2025 - TDLR Issues Emergency License Suspension Order of Liberty Athletic Trainer Accused of Possession of Child Pornography (PDF)
• 10/06/2025 - TDLR Tops 1 million Individual and Business Licenses in Fiscal Year 2025 (PDF)
• 10/02/2025 - TDLR Seeking Members For The New Lottery Advisory Committee (PDF)
• 09/24/2025 - Texas Consumers Recoup More Than $800,000 From TDLR Enforcement Actions (PDF)
• 09/18/2025 - TDLR Issues Emergency License Suspension Order of Wise County Athletic Trainer Accused of Sexual Assault of a Child and Indecency With A Child By Sexual Contact (PDF)
• 09/17/2025 - TDLR Shuts Down Fort Worth Massage Establishment Where Human Trafficking Suspected (PDF)
• 09/16/2025 - TDLR Shuts Down Three Massage Establishments in Midland and Round Rock Where Human Trafficking Suspected (PDF)
• 09/15/2025 - TDLR Issues Emergency License Suspension Order of Massage Therapist Accused of Indecent Assault (PDF)
• 09/09/2025 - FCIC, Other Police Agencies File Criminal Charges Against 10 People Accused of Credit Card Skimming Across Texas (PDF)
• 09/03/2025 - Residential Solar Retail Sales Now Regulated By TDLR (PDF)
• 08/25/2025 - Headed Out To The Country For Dove Season? Keep An Eye Out For Abandoned Or Deteriorated Water Wells (PDF)
• 08/20/2025 - New Laws Affecting TDLR and its Licensees Take Effect September 1 (PDF)
• 08/19/2025 - TDLR Investigators Find 74 Potential Violations During License Enforcement Action in Laredo Area (PDF)
• 08/19/2025 - TDLR Suspends Two Behavior Analyst Licenses For Failing To Report Suspected Sexual Assault Of A Child To Law Enforcement (PDF)
• 08/18/2025 - TDLR Shuts Down Houston Massage Establishment Where Human Trafficking Suspected (PDF)
• 08/15/2025 - TDLR Shuts Down Massage Establishment in Fort Worth for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 08/05/2025 - 15 Indicted After FCIC-Led Investigation Into Money Laundering Operation That Used Compromised Business Emails (PDF)
• 07/29/2025 - TDLR Revokes Dozens of Licenses, Including Lifetime Bans for Some in Massage Industry (PDF)
• 07/23/2025 - TDLR marks July 26 anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act by asking qualified individuals to become Registered Accessibility Specialists (PDF)
• 07/22/2025 - FCIC Arrests 3 and Uncovers Credit Card Skimmer Factory - Officers Recover 115 Credit Card Skimmers, $50,000 in Cash, Plus Fraudulent IDs (PDF)
• 07/17/2025 - FCIC Warns Public of Scammers Using Its Name (PDF)
• 07/03/2025 - FCIC warns Texans not to fall for social posts claiming scam stickers compromise tap-to-pay portals (PDF)
• 07/01/2025 - New laws and expanded staffing solidify the FCIC’s role in fight against card skimmers, fuel theft, and payment fraud (PDF)
• 06/27/2025 - TDLR Assesses $381,400 Administrative Penalty and Issues Notice of Alleged Violation to Jubilee at Texas Parkway, a Senior Living Complex Where Residents Have Been Stranded for Two Months (PDF)
• 06/23/2025 - TDLR Shuts Down Six Illicit Massage Establishments in North, West and Southeast Texas for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 05/27/2025 - Eight Massage Establishments, One Sharing a Building With a Daycare, Closed For Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 05/05/2025 - Help keep first responders safe over Memorial Day weekend (PDF)
• 05/05/2025 - Pflugerville Driving School Closes Unexpectedly; Students Should Contact TDLR As Soon As Possible (PDF)
• 05/02/2025 - Fort Worth Massage Establishment Closed For Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 05/01/2025 - San Antonio Massage Establishment Closed For Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 04/30/2025 - Massage Establishment In Huffman, Texas, Closed For Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 04/29/2025 - TDLR Suspends Bell County Man’s Massage Therapist, Instructor Licenses (PDF)
• 04/22/2025 - Check Your Air Conditioning Unit Now, Before Hot Weather Sets In (PDF)
• 04/02/2025 - TDLR Safeguards Consumers with Online List of Revoked Licenses (PDF)
• 03/31/2025 - Wildflower Watching? Watch Out For Abandoned or Deteriorated Water Wells (PDF)
• 03/28/2025 - Five Arrested in Houston for Wide-Ranging Fraud and Theft Scheme (PDF)
• 03/27/2025 - TDLR Closes Round Rock Massage Establishment for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 03/26/2025 - TDLR Suspends Houston Midwife's License (PDF)
• 03/24/2025 - TDLR Closes Fort Worth and Garland Massage Establishments for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 03/18/2025 - TBVME Rolls Out Refreshed, More User-Friendly Agency Website (PDF)
• 03/11/2025 - Suspects Arrested in Major Credit Card Skimming Operation (PDF)
• 02/27/2025 - TDLR Closes Six Houston-Area Massage Establishments for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 02/26/2025 - New Consumer Fraud Attacks Texas Consumers Through Fraudulent Texts (PDF)
• 02/24/2025 - TDLR Closes Corpus Christi Massage Establishment for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 02/06/2025 - TDLR Safeguards Consumers with Online List of Revoked Licenses (PDF)
• 02/05/2025 - TDLR Closes Fort Worth Massage Establishment For Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 02/04/2025 - TDLR Closes Garland Massage Establishment For Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 02/04/2025 - Financial Crimes Intelligence Center Prevents More Than $273 Million In Monetary Losses In Its First Three Years (PDF)
• 02/03/2025 - TDLR Closes Three San Antonio Massage Establishments for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)

2024 Press Releases

• 12/17/2024 - Christmas and New Year’s Drivers Urged to Move Over or Slow Down for Tow Trucks and Other Emergency Vehicles (PDF)
• 12/16/2024 - Hitting Holiday Sales? Use Tap to Pay When Possible to Avoid Credit Card Skimmers (PDF)
• 12/12/2024 - TDLR Safeguards Consumers with Online List of Revoked Licenses (PDF)
• 12/04/2024 - TDLR Closes Austin Massage Establishment for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 11/07/2024 - Hitting Black Friday Sales? Use Tap to Pay When Possible to Avoid Credit Card Skimmers (PDF)
• 11/07/2024 - Give Thanks for Tow Trucks and Other Emergency Vehicles this Thanksgiving by Moving Over or Slowing Down when They’re Stopped on the Roadside (PDF)
• 11/07/2024 - TDLR Closes Laredo Massage Establishment for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 11/04/2024 - TDLR Joins Other States in Coordinated Enforcement Effort Against Unlicensed Contractors (PDF)
• 10/24/2024 - Texas Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners Rolls Out New User-Friendly Licensing Portal (PDF)
• 10/21/2024 - TDLR Tops 962,000 Individual and Business Licenses in Fiscal Year 2024 (PDF)
• 10/17/2024 - TDLR Closes Two Austin Massage Establishments for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 10/16/2024 - Hire a Licensed Contractor to Check Your Heating System for Carbon Monoxide Leaks and Other Issues (PDF)
• 10/15/2024 - TDLR Safeguards Consumers With Online List of Revoked Licenses (PDF)
• 10/01/2024 - TDLR Closes Denton Massage Establishment for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 10/01/2024 - TDLR Closes Houston Massage Establishment for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 09/23/2024 - Texas consumers recoup more than $400,000 from TDLR enforcement actions (PDF)
• 09/23/2024 - Owner of Houston Massage Establishment Closed for Suspected Human Trafficking Agrees to Close 10 Establishments and Quit Massage Industry (PDF)
• 09/19/2024 - TDLR Obtains Permanent Injunction, $700,000 in Penalties & Fees Against Owner of Houston and Beaumont Massage Establishments Suspected of Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 09/17/2024 - TDLR Closes Two Burleson Massage Establishments for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 09/16/2024 - Garland Massage Establishment Owner Agrees To Close Business and Quit Massage Therapy in Texas After TDLR Suspects Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 09/03/2024 - TDLR Safeguards Consumers With Online List of Revoked Licenses (PDF)
• 08/26/2024 - Tow Trucks, Emergency Vehicles Stopped On The Side Of The Road? You Must Slow Down Or Move Over (PDF)
• 08/21/2024 - Mesquite Man Convicted In Smith County For Diesel Fuel Thefts Across Texas Using Stolen Credit Card Information (PDF)
• 08/19/2024 - After Failing To Close As Ordered, Temporary Injunction Granted Against Massage Establishments Suspected Of Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 08/14/2024 - TDLR Closes Two Austin Massage Establishments for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 08/09/2024 - Financial Crimes Intelligence Center, TDLR Release New PSA With Tips For Avoiding Credit Card Skimmers (PDF)
• 08/07/2024 - TDLR Safeguards Consumers with Online List of Revoked Licenses (PDF)
• 07/30/2024 - TDLR Observes World Day Against Trafficking in Persons (PDF)
• 07/25/2024 - TDLR Closes San Antonio Massage Establishment for Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 07/23/2024 - Cypress Massage Establishment Owner Agrees To Close Business and Quit Massage Therapy in Texas After TDLR Suspects Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 07/15/2024 - After the Storm: Did You Buy Fuel Contaminated With Water? Report It To TDLR As Soon As Possible (PDF)
• 06/27/2024 - TDLR Safeguards Consumers with Online List of Revoked Licenses (PDF)
• 06/26/2024 - Traveling Over The Fourth Of July Holiday? You must slow down or move over for tow trucks and emergency vehicles stopped on the roadside with their emergency lights activated (PDF)
• 06/26/2024 - Man Convicted In Smith County For Diesel Fuel Thefts Across Texas Using Stolen Credit Card Information (PDF)
• 06/24/2024 - Owner of Houston Massage Establishment Closed for Suspected Human Trafficking Agrees to Close Seven Additional Establishments and Quit Massage Industry (PDF)
• 06/18/2024 - Three Romanian Nationals Arrested During ATM Skimmer Investigation in DFW Area (PDF)
• 06/05/2024 - TDLR Releases 2025-2029 Strategic Plan, Announces Goals and Legislative Priorities for 2025 Legislative Session (PDF)
• 06/04/2024 - Certain Technical Requirements for Vehicle Storage Facilities Suspended in Counties with Severe Weather Disaster Declarations (PDF)
• 05/31/2024 - TDLR Closes Houston Massage Establishment For Suspected Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 05/22/2024 - Electrical Repairs After Wind, Flooding Require Licensed Electrical Contractor and May Require Electrical Permits (PDF)
• 05/22/2024 - Memorial Day weekend will bring increased traffic on Texas roads (PDF)
• 05/21/2024 - Texas Commission of Licensing and Regulation Names Courtney Arbour as TDLR Executive Director (PDF)
• 04/22/2024 - TDLR Issues Emergency Order Suspending Cosmetologist License of Houston Teacher Accused of Human Trafficking (PDF)
• 04/22/2024 - Check Your Air Conditioning Unit Now, Before Hot Weather Sets In – And Use A Licensed Air Conditioning Contractor (PDF)
• 03/13/2024 - TDLR Seeks Informal Public Comment On Working Draft Rules For New Path For Air Conditioning and Electrical Licensing (PDF)
• 03/01/2024 - Dallas-area Driving School Closes Unexpectedly; Three Others Offer to Accept the Affected Students (PDF)
• 02/26/2024 - TDLR Rolls Out Refreshed, More User-Friendly Agency Website (PDF)
• 01/24/2024 - TDLR Safeguards Consumers With Online List of Revoked Licenses (PDF)
• 01/09/2024 - Financial Crimes Intelligence Center Recovers 624 Skimmers And Prevents $171.5 Million In Monetary Losses In Its First Two Years (PDF)
• 01/05/2024 - TDLR Helps Fight Human Trafficking in Its Regulated Professions (PDF)

2023 Press Releases

• 12/15/2023 - Christmas and New Year’s Drivers Urged to Move Over or Slow Down for Tow Trucks and Other Emergency Vehicles (PDF)
• 12/14/2023 - 11 Named To Newly Created Mold Assessment and Remediation Advisory Board (PDF)
• 12/04/2023 - Brian E. Francis Named TDLR Interim Executive Director (PDF)
• 11/17/2023 - Give Thanks for Tow Trucks and Other Emergency Vehicles this Thanksgiving by Moving Over or Slowing Down When They’re Stopped on the Roadside (PDF)
• 10/30/2023 - Mike Arismendez Resigns as TDLR Executive Director (PDF)
• 10/09/2023 - Hire a Licensed Contractor To Check Your Heating System For Carbon Monoxide Leaks And Other Issues (PDF)
• 08/29/2023 - Tow Trucks, Emergency Vehicles Stopped On The Side Of The Road? You Must Slow Down Or Move Over (PDF)
• 08/21/2023 - New Laws Affecting TDLR and Its Licensees Take Effect September 1 (PDF)
• 08/16/2023 - Abandoned Water Wells Are A Danger To Animals And Humans – And Texas Could Have Thousands Of Them (PDF)
• 08/02/2023 - Texas Financial Crimes Intelligence Center Prevents More Than $131 Million in Monetary Losses In Its First 18 Months (PDF)
• 07/25/2023 - TDLR celebrates July 26 anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act (PDF)
• 06/29/2023 - TDLR files administrative cases against unlicensed contractors in nationwide effort (PDF)
• 06/07/2023 - Eight Arrested In Houston-Area Fuel Thefts - Police Still Seek Eight Suspects (PDF)
• 05/22/2023 - Memorial Day weekend will bring increased traffic on Texas roads State Law: Drivers must move over or slow down for tow trucks and other emergency vehicles (PDF)
• 05/02/2023 - Your Family’s Pool Safety Depends on Hiring Licensed Electricians To Perform Electrical Work Near Water (PDF)
• 04/10/2023 - Check Your Air Conditioning Unit Now, Before Hot Weather Sets In — And Use A Licensed Air Conditioning Contractor (PDF)
• 03/23/2023 - Getting A Manicure Or Pedicure? TDLR Provides Pointers For Receiving Safe Services (PDF)
• 03/22/2023 - Amarillo-Area Woman Ordered Not to Practice Midwifery Without A License (PDF)
• 03/09/2023 - Amarillo-Area Woman Ordered Not to Practice Midwifery Without a License (PDF)
• 02/27/2023 - TDLR Rescinds Stop Sale Order Against Sedona Food Mart in Manvel (PDF)
• 02/22/2023 - TDLR Safeguards Consumers With Online List of Revoked Licenses and Cease and Desist Orders (PDF)
• 02/07/2023 - TDLR Rescinds Stop Sale Order Against Hush Food Mart in Houston (PDF)
• 02/03/2023 - Electrical Repairs After Ice Storm Require Licensed Electrical Contractor and May Require Electrical Permits (PDF)
• 01/30/2023 - TDLR Releases New List Of Revoked Licenses (PDF)
• 01/26/2023 - TDLR issues Stop-Sale Order against Houston gas station for selling bad diesel fuel (PDF)
• 01/10/2023 - Financial Crimes Intelligence Center Recovers 396 Skimmers And Prevents $48 Million In Monetary Losses In 2022 (PDF)

2022 Press Releases

• 12/16/2022 - TDLR issues Stop-Sale Orders against two Houston-area gas stations (PDF)
• 12/15/2022 - Christmas and New Year’s drivers urged to move over or slow down for tow trucks and other emergency vehicles (PDF)
• 12/05/2022 - TDLR issues Stop-Sale Order against Houston gas station for selling bad diesel fuel (PDF)
• 10/31/2022 - Hire only licensed water well drillers to avoid costly repairs and protect your family’s health (PDF)
• 10/26/2022 - TDLR Releases New List Of Revoked Licenses (PDF)
• 10/10/2022 - Hire a Licensed Contractor To Check Your Heating System For Carbon Monoxide Leaks And Other Issues (PDF)
• 09/27/2022 - Retrofitting Boilers in Commercial Buildings, Apartments and Hotels to Detect Carbon Monoxide Can Save Lives (PDF)
• 09/06/2022 - TDLR seeks volunteers to serve on 16 advisory boards and committees (PDF)
• 08/30/2022 - TDLR Releases New List Of Revoked Licenses (PDF)
• 08/29/2022 - Headed Out To The Country For Dove Season? Keep An Eye Out For Abandoned Or Deteriorated Water Wells (PDF)
• 08/29/2022 - Tow Trucks, Emergency Vehicles Stopped On The Side Of The Road? You Must Slow Down Or Move Over (PDF)
• 07/26/2022 - TDLR celebrates Texas Elimination of Architectural Barriers Act & Americans with Disabilities Act anniversaries (PDF)
• 07/18/2022 - Boxing, MMA Judging and Refereeing Classes Offered in Austin in August (PDF)
• 07/08/2022 - Texas FCIC Assists Odessa PD and Other Law Enforcement Agencies in Fuel Theft Arrests (PDF)
• 06/24/2022 - TDLR: Motorists must slow down or move over for tow trucks, emergency vehicles stopped on the roadside (PDF)
• 06/23/2022 - TDLR Cautions: Beware of Scammers Trying To Sell “Required” Posters to Cosmetologists, Barbers and Massage Establishments (PDF)
• 06/06/2022 - TDLR Releases 2023-2027 Strategic Plan, Announces Goals and Legislative Priorities for 2023 Legislative Session (PDF)
• 05/19/2022 - TDLR: Motorists must slow down or move over for tow trucks, emergency vehicles stopped on the roadside (PDF)
• 05/12/2022 - Make Sure Electrical Work Near Water Is Performed By A Licensed Electrician (PDF)
• 04/26/2022 - TDLR releases new list of revoked licenses (PDF)
• 04/26/2022 - Texas Could Have At Least 150,000 Abandoned or Deteriorated Water Wells (PDF)
• 04/18/2022 - Spring Has Sprung: Hire a Licensed Contractor To Check Your Air Conditioning Unit (PDF)
• 03/30/2022 - William H. Kuntz Jr., Former TDLR Executive Director, Passes Away (PDF)
• 02/02/2022 - Motor Fuel Metering & Quality Advisory Board Meets Feb. 7 (PDF)
• 01/31/2022 - State of Texas Announces Launch of Texas by Texas (PDF)
• 01/24/2022 - TDLR Revokes Houston Vehicle Storage License For Flipping Scheme (PDF)
• 01/13/2022 - Nine Named To Newly Created Driver Training and Traffic Safety Advisory Committee (PDF)
• 01/11/2022 - Nine Named To Newly Created Barbering and Cosmetology Advisory Board (PDF)
• 01/10/2022 - Arismendez Named TDLR Executive Director Effective February 1, 2022 (PDF)
• 01/06/2022 - State’s Financial Crimes Intelligence Center Opens In Tyler (PDF)

2021 Press Releases

• 12/15/2021 - Nine Named To Newly Created Motor Fuel Metering and Quality Advisory Board (PDF)
• 12/07/2021 - TDLR releases new list of revoked licenses (PDF)
• 11/19/2021 - Thanksgiving drivers urged to move over or slow down for tow trucks and other emergency vehicles (PDF)
• 11/08/2021 - TDLR releases new list of revoked licenses (PDF)
• 10/12/2021 - Hire a Licensed Contractor To Check Your Heating System For Carbon Monoxide Leaks And Other Issues (PDF)
• 10/04/2021 - TDLR releases new list of revoked licenses (PDF)
• 08/24/2021 - New laws affecting TDLR licensees take effect September 1 (PDF)
• 07/26/2021 - TDLR celebrates Texas Elimination of Architectural Barriers Act & Americans with Disabilities Act anniversaries (PDF)
• 07/02/2021 - TDLR: Motorists must slow down or move over for tow trucks, emergency vehicles stopped on the roadside (PDF)
• 07/01/2021 - TDLR joins other states in coordinated enforcement effort against unlicensed contractors (PDF)
• 06/23/2021 - TDLR releases new list of revoked licenses (PDF)
• 06/17/2021 - Make Sure Electrical Work Near Water Is Performed By A Licensed Electrician (PDF)
• 05/27/2021 - TDLR releases new list of revoked licenses (PDF)
• 05/20/2021 - Commission Votes to Pause Adoption of Code Requirement (PDF)
• 05/17/2021 - Motorcycle Training Courses Help Make Riders Safer (PDF)
• 04/29/2021 - TDLR permanently revokes cosmetology school license, numerous other licenses across the state (PDF)
• 04/22/2021 - Earth Day resolution: show the planet some love by tending to abandoned or deteriorated water wells (PDF)
• 04/14/2021 - Motorcycle Instructor Preparation Courses Now Available (PDF)
• 04/05/2021 - Spring Has Sprung: Hire a Licensed Contractor To Check Your Air Conditioning Unit (PDF)
• 03/23/2021 - TDLR Releases Latest List of Unlicensed Service Providers (PDF)
• 03/12/2021 - Phishing scam asking recipients to validate information appears to target TDLR licensees (PDF)
• 02/09/2021 - TDLR obtains permanent injunction against unlicensed air conditioning contractor (PDF)
• 02/01/2021 - Journeyman Electrician applicants can now test early (PDF)
• 01/28/2021 - TDLR staffer appointed to Governor’s Committee on People With Disabilities (PDF)
• 01/25/2021 - TDLR’s new Anti-Trafficking Unit received 42 leads in 2020 (PDF)
• 01/22/2021 - Heads up to media: TDLR launches new open records request portal (PDF)
• 01/13/2021 - Architecture, Engineering, Interior Design, Landscape Architecture students and others urged to consider becoming Registered Accessibility Specialists (PDF)
• 01/11/2021 - TDLR Lists Recently Revoked Licenses (PDF)